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The second USS ''Ohio'' was a ship of the line of the United States Navy. She was designed by Henry Eckford, laid down at Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1817, and launched on 30 May 1820. She went into ordinary and in the ensuing years decayed badly. Refitted for service in 1838, ''Ohio'' sailed on 16 October 1838 to join the Mediterranean Squadron under Commodore Isaac Hull. Acting as flagship for two years, she protected commerce and suppressed the slave trade off the African coast. ''Ohio'' proved to have excellent performance under sail, repeatedly making more than . One of her officers stated, "I never supposed such a ship could be built — a ship possessing in so great a degree all the qualifications of a perfect vessel." In 1840, ''Ohio'' returned to Boston where she again went into ordinary. From 1841-1846, ''Ohio'' served as receiving ship. To meet the needs of the Mexican-American War, ''Ohio'' was recommissioned on 7 December 1846, and sailed on 4 January 1847 for the Gulf of Mexico, arriving off Veracruz on 22 March. ''Ohio'' landed 10 guns on 27 March to help in the siege of Veracruz; but the city soon surrendered. ''Ohio'' drew too much water for coastal operations in the gulf. However, 336 of her crew participated in the Tuxpan River Expedition. In 1847, the entire distance from the mouth of the river to the town was covered with thick jungle growth. The enemy had constructed three well-positioned forts on bluffs overlooking bends in the river. On 18 April, Commodore. Matthew Perry arrived off the mouth of the river with 15 vessels. At 22:00, light-draft steamers ''Scourge'', ''Spitfire'', and ''Vixen'', each towing a schooner, moved up stream. Bombships , , and followed closely while 30 surf boats containing 1,500 men brought up the rear. Approaching the town, the squadron came under hot fire from Fort LaPena. Cmdre. Perry ordered Commander Franklin Buchanan to disembark the surf boats and storm the fort. As the landing party swept ashore, the Mexicans abandoned their position. The other two forts fell in a like manner, with only light casualties sustained by the squadron. Men from ''Ohio'' retrieved the guns of brig ''Truxtun'' which had foundered in a storm near Tuxpan on 16 September 1846. The town was occupied and all military stores destroyed. Following Tuxpan, ''Ohio'' sailed from Veracruz and arrived in New York on 9 May. On 26 June, she sailed to bolster the Pacific Squadron, first carrying the U.S. minister to Brazil and operating off the east coast of South America until December. In Valparaíso on 21 January 1848, Cmdre. Thomas ap Catesby Jones took her as the flagship of the Pacific Squadron, intending to blockade the western Mexico ports. ''Ohio'' arrived at Mazatlán on 6 May, shortly after the Mexican-American War ended. Jones used the fleet to help transport to Monterey, California, those that had aided the United States in the war, arriving there on 9 October. ''Ohio'' then sailed to Sausalito, in San Francisco Bay. ''Ohio'' spent the next two years in the Pacific protecting commerce and policing the newly acquired California Territory during the chaotic early months of the gold rush. Scurvy struck the crew in the spring of 1849 in San Francisco Bay so Jones sent ''Ohio'' to the Sandwich Islands for fresh food. In 1850, she returned to Boston where she again went into ordinary. In 1851, ''Ohio'' became a receiving ship and continued this duty until again placed in ordinary in 1875. ''Ohio'' was sold at Boston to J. L. Snow of Rockland, Maine on 27 September 1883. She was burned in the following year, in Greenport Harbor, New York; the remains are still accessible to scuba divers. The wreck is off Fanning Point, in about of water. ==See also== *Samuel P. Carter - first American officer to be awarded both the rank of Rear Admiral and Major General 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Ohio (1820)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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